Yellowstone National Park Weather & Climate (2025)

Yellowstone's dramatic weather shapes every visit - from sudden summer thunderstorms to breathtaking winter snowscapes. At 6,000+ feet elevation, conditions change rapidly across the park's diverse microclimates. Here's your essential 2025 weather guide with real-time alerts and expert packing tips:

Seasonal Weather Patterns

Microclimate Variations

Yellowstone's vast size creates dramatic weather differences:

Activity-Specific Advice

Essential Gear Packages

Monthly Weather Breakdown for Yellowstone

January Weather in Yellowstone

January represents Yellowstone's harshest winter conditions, with average temperatures ranging from highs of 26°F (-3°C) to lows of -6°F (-21°C). The park receives approximately 30 inches of snowfall during this month, creating a winter wonderland but limiting access to most areas. Only the road between the North Entrance at Gardiner, Montana, and the Northeast Entrance at Cooke City remains open year-round, providing access to the northern sections including Mammoth Hot Springs and the Roosevelt area.

Winter visitors can experience the park's unique thermal features creating dramatic steam clouds against the snowy landscape. The contrast between the frozen wilderness and active geothermal features creates exceptional photography opportunities. Wildlife viewing during January focuses on elk herds around Mammoth Hot Springs, bison in the thermal areas, and wolves in the Lamar Valley, all adapted to survive in these extreme conditions.

February Weather Patterns

February continues the deep winter pattern with slightly longer daylight hours but similar temperature ranges. Average highs reach 30°F (-1°C) while lows can plummet to -10°F (-23°C). Snow accumulation often exceeds 40 inches on the ground, creating pristine conditions for cross-country skiing and snowshoeing in accessible areas. The thermal features remain active, providing wildlife with warm areas for survival during the coldest period of the year.

February marks the beginning of the wolf mating season, making it an exceptional time for wildlife enthusiasts to observe pack dynamics and territorial behavior. The harsh conditions mean fewer visitors, creating an intimate experience with the park's winter ecosystem. Visitors should prepare for extreme cold with multiple layers, insulated boots, and emergency supplies in vehicles.

March: Transition from Winter

March begins Yellowstone's gradual transition from deep winter toward spring, though winter conditions still dominate most of the month. Average temperatures rise slightly to highs of 36°F (2°C) and lows of 5°F (-15°C). Snowfall continues but begins to decrease, averaging 20-25 inches for the month. The increasing daylight hours, extending to 12 hours by month's end, energize both wildlife and thermal activity.

Wildlife activity increases noticeably in March as animals prepare for spring. Bear dens remain occupied, but wolves become more active with pup-rearing preparations. Elk herds start showing signs of spring behavior, and bird migration begins with early species returning to the ecosystem. Visitors can enjoy winter activities while beginning to plan for the upcoming season opening.

April Weather and Spring Awakening

April marks the true beginning of spring in Yellowstone, though weather remains highly variable and unpredictable. Average temperatures range from highs of 50°F (10°C) to lows of 20°F (-7°C), but dramatic swings are common with potential for both 70°F warm days and surprise snowstorms. The park typically receives 15-20 inches of snow mixed with rain as elevation and microclimate variations create diverse conditions across different areas.

Spring awakening accelerates in April as wildlife emerges from winter survival mode. Grizzly bears begin emerging from hibernation, initially staying close to thermal areas and avalanche chutes where early vegetation appears. Black bears also emerge, often with new cubs. The wolf pupping season begins, making Lamar Valley an exceptional destination for wildlife observation. Elk calving starts in late April, adding new dynamics to wildlife viewing opportunities.

Road opening preparations intensify during April, with park service crews working to clear snow from interior roads. The Grand Loop Road opening typically begins in late April or early May, depending on snow conditions and avalanche risks. Visitors should monitor park alerts for current road conditions and closures, as access beyond the northern sections remains limited until official openings.

May: Peak Spring Conditions

May represents optimal spring visiting conditions with moderate temperatures, active wildlife, and increasing park accessibility. Average temperatures rise to comfortable levels with highs of 60°F (16°C) and lows of 30°F (-1°C). Precipitation decreases significantly, averaging 8-10 inches of combined rain and occasional snow. The snowpack begins melting rapidly, creating rushing streams, waterfalls at peak flow, and muddy trail conditions.

Wildlife activity reaches spring peaks in May as new life emerges throughout the ecosystem. Bear activity increases substantially as both grizzly and black bears search for early food sources including winter-killed ungulates, emerging vegetation, and fish. Wolf pups are born in dens throughout the park, with Lamar Valley offering the best viewing opportunities for pack activity. Elk calving reaches its peak, creating dramatic scenes of protective mothers and vulnerable newborns.

Bird migration reaches full intensity in May with over 150 species returning to or passing through the Yellowstone ecosystem. Waterfowl return to ice-free lakes and streams, raptors establish territories, and songbirds fill the forests with spring songs. The thermal features create optimal conditions for photography as steam contrasts beautifully with emerging spring vegetation and clear skies.

June Weather: Early Summer Excellence

June provides exceptional weather conditions for all park activities with the most reliable and comfortable temperatures of the year. Average highs reach 70°F (21°C) while nighttime lows remain cool at 35°F (2°C), perfect for comfortable hiking and camping. Precipitation averages only 6-8 inches, primarily from brief afternoon thunderstorms that quickly clear, leaving brilliant sunshine and crystal-clear mountain air.

June represents peak wildlife viewing season as all species are active and visible throughout their daily routines. Bear families with cubs explore extensively for food sources, often visible in meadows during morning and evening hours. Wolf packs with pups become more active as adults hunt to feed growing offspring. Elk herds with calves occupy prime meadows, creating excellent photography opportunities and wildlife observation experiences.

The park reaches full accessibility in June with all roads, trails, and facilities typically open by mid-month. Campgrounds and visitor centers operate on full schedules, providing complete services for all types of visitors. The combination of optimal weather, peak wildlife activity, and full access makes June one of the most popular months, requiring advance reservations for accommodations and camping.

July: Peak Summer Conditions

July delivers the warmest and most stable weather patterns of the year, making it ideal for extended outdoor activities and backcountry exploration. Average daytime temperatures reach their annual peak of 80°F (27°C) while nighttime temperatures remain pleasantly cool at 40°F (4°C). Precipitation drops to the year's lowest levels at 4-6 inches, consisting mainly of brief afternoon thunderstorms that provide dramatic photography opportunities without significantly impacting activities.

Wildlife activity adapts to summer patterns with animals most active during cooler morning and evening hours. Bears focus on emerging berry crops and fish runs, particularly around Yellowstone Lake and its tributary streams. Wolf viewing becomes more challenging as packs move to higher elevations with better hunting opportunities, though dedicated wildlife watchers can still find success in traditional viewing areas.

July marks peak tourist season with maximum crowds throughout the park, particularly around major attractions like Old Faithful, Grand Prismatic Spring, and the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone. Visitors should plan for traffic delays, limited parking, and busy facilities. Early morning starts and evening activities help avoid the heaviest crowds while taking advantage of optimal wildlife viewing hours.

August: Late Summer Splendor

August continues the excellent summer weather pattern with similar temperatures to July but with slightly increased afternoon thunderstorm activity. Average highs remain around 78°F (26°C) with comfortable nighttime lows of 38°F (3°C). Precipitation increases modestly to 6-8 inches, primarily from more frequent and intense afternoon storms that provide spectacular lightning displays and dramatic cloud formations.

Late summer brings unique wildlife viewing opportunities as animals prepare for autumn challenges. Bear activity intensifies around berry patches and fish runs, with grizzly bears becoming particularly active around Yellowstone Lake's spawning areas. Elk herds begin forming larger groups in preparation for the upcoming rut season. Bison herds move across the landscape in massive formations, creating iconic American West imagery.

August weather provides optimal conditions for backcountry hiking and camping, with stable patterns allowing for extended wilderness trips. High-elevation trails become fully accessible, revealing alpine meadows filled with wildflowers and providing spectacular mountain vistas. The thermal features remain highly active, with some geysers showing increased activity during warmer periods.

September Weather: Autumn Transitions

September marks the beginning of autumn with cooling temperatures and changing wildlife behaviors that create some of the year's most spectacular viewing opportunities. Average temperatures drop to highs of 65°F (18°C) and lows of 25°F (-4°C), with significant daily temperature variations. Precipitation increases to 8-10 inches as storm systems begin affecting the region more frequently, bringing both rain and occasional early snow to higher elevations.

September wildlife activity centers around the dramatic elk rutting season, one of nature's most impressive displays. Bull elk gather harems and engage in bugling contests and physical battles for mating rights. The haunting calls of rutting elk echo throughout the park's valleys, creating an unforgettable auditory experience. Grizzly bears intensify feeding activities in preparation for hibernation, focusing on whitebark pine nuts, fish, and remaining berry crops.

Fall colors begin appearing in September as aspen groves turn brilliant gold and other deciduous vegetation starts its autumn transformation. The changing foliage, combined with dramatic weather patterns and active wildlife, creates exceptional photography opportunities. Visitors experience fewer crowds than summer months while enjoying comfortable daytime temperatures and crisp, clear air.

October: Peak Autumn Splendor

October delivers Yellowstone's peak autumn experience with dramatic weather changes, spectacular fall colors, and intense wildlife activity. Temperature ranges expand significantly with potential for 60°F (16°C) warm days and subfreezing nights down to 10°F (-12°C). Precipitation increases to 10-15 inches as winter storm systems begin affecting the region, bringing both rain and snow with increasing frequency and intensity.

Wildlife activity reaches autumn peaks as animals make final preparations for winter survival. The elk rut continues through early October with bulls at peak aggression and activity levels. Grizzly bears enter hyperphagia, the intensive feeding period before hibernation, making them highly active and visible as they search for final food sources. Black bears also intensify feeding activities while searching for appropriate denning sites.

October weather creates dramatic landscape photography opportunities as autumn storms alternate with brilliant sunshine, creating dynamic skies and exceptional light conditions. The thermal features become more prominent as cooler air temperatures increase steam visibility. Fall colors peak in early October, transforming the landscape into a tapestry of gold, red, and orange against the backdrop of snow-capped peaks.

November: Winter's Return

November signals winter's return to Yellowstone with rapidly dropping temperatures and increasing snowfall that begins closing access to interior areas. Average temperatures fall to highs of 40°F (4°C) and lows of 5°F (-15°C) as arctic air masses begin dominating weather patterns. Precipitation increases to 15-20 inches, primarily as snow that begins accumulating in preparation for the long winter season.

Wildlife behavior shifts dramatically in November as animals complete winter preparations. Grizzly bears enter hibernation by mid-November, with pregnant females seeking denning sites in higher elevations. Elk herds complete their rut and begin forming winter survival groups. Wolves adjust their hunting patterns as prey animals adapt to early winter conditions.

Park access begins closing in November as snow accumulation makes interior roads impassable for regular vehicles. The Grand Loop Road typically closes to wheeled vehicles by mid-November, limiting access to northern areas. Winter activity preparations begin with cross-country ski and snowshoe trail grooming in accessible areas.

December: Deep Winter Preparation

December establishes full winter conditions with the coldest temperatures and heaviest snowfall of the winter season. Average temperatures drop to highs of 28°F (-2°C) and lows of -10°F (-23°C) as polar air masses create sustained cold periods. Snowfall averages 25-30 inches for the month, building the snowpack that will define winter conditions through March.

Winter wildlife viewing focuses on animals specifically adapted to extreme conditions. Bison herds concentrate around thermal areas where grass remains accessible under snow cover. Elk herds move to lower elevations and wind-swept areas where forage remains available. Wolf packs adapt their hunting strategies to deep snow conditions, often using packed trails for easier movement.

December access remains limited to the northern road corridor between Gardner and Cooke City, with all other park areas accessible only by snowcoach or cross-country skiing. Winter recreation begins in earnest with groomed trails for skiing and snowshoeing in the Mammoth Hot Springs area.

Weather Planning Strategies for Yellowstone Visitors

Essential Weather Monitoring Resources

Successful Yellowstone visits require comprehensive weather monitoring using multiple reliable sources. The National Weather Service provides detailed forecasts specifically for Yellowstone's microclimates, including elevation-specific predictions and severe weather warnings. The park's official website offers real-time conditions, road closures, and safety alerts updated hourly during rapidly changing conditions.

Mobile weather applications with radar capabilities help visitors track approaching storms and plan outdoor activities accordingly. Local weather stations at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, and Yellowstone Lake provide current conditions specific to major park areas. Visitors should check weather conditions before departing lodging each morning and carry backup plans for sudden weather changes.

Layered Clothing Systems for Variable Conditions

Yellowstone's dramatic temperature variations and rapid weather changes require sophisticated layering systems rather than single-purpose clothing. Base layers should consist of moisture-wicking synthetic materials or merino wool that maintain warmth when wet. Insulating layers such as fleece or down provide warmth retention while allowing moisture transfer. Outer shells must provide wind and precipitation protection while maintaining breathability during active periods.

Footwear selection requires similar versatility with waterproof hiking boots suitable for muddy trails, rocky terrain, and potential snow. Gaiters protect against debris and moisture while maintaining comfort during extended hiking. Visitors should carry extra socks and consider backup footwear for extreme conditions or emergency situations.

Emergency Weather Preparedness

Yellowstone's remote location and rapid weather changes require comprehensive emergency preparedness beyond typical outdoor gear. Vehicle emergency kits should include warm blankets, extra food and water, first aid supplies, and communication devices for areas with limited cellular coverage. Winter visitors must carry additional cold weather survival gear including hand warmers, emergency shelter, and high-energy food supplies.

Lightning safety becomes critical during summer afternoon thunderstorms, particularly on exposed ridges and near water bodies. Visitors should understand lightning safety protocols and identify appropriate shelter locations before storms arrive. Flash flood awareness helps protect visitors in narrow canyons and near streams that can rise rapidly during intense precipitation events.

Seasonal Activity Recommendations Based on Weather

Optimal Weather Windows for Popular Activities

Wildlife photography reaches peak conditions during stable weather periods in late spring through early fall when animals are most active and accessible. Early morning and late evening hours provide the best lighting conditions and animal activity, particularly during summer months when midday heat reduces wildlife visibility. Weather stability in June through August allows for extended photography sessions and backcountry access to remote wildlife areas.

Hiking conditions vary dramatically by season and elevation, with optimal windows occurring during stable high-pressure periods when precipitation risks are minimal. Summer months provide the most reliable hiking weather, though afternoon thunderstorms require early starts and flexible scheduling. Spring and fall hiking requires weather monitoring and prepared gear for rapid condition changes including unexpected snowfall at higher elevations.

Thermal feature viewing benefits from cooler weather when steam visibility increases dramatically. Winter months provide the most spectacular thermal displays as extreme temperature differences create massive steam clouds and ice formations around hot springs and geysers. However, limited access during winter months requires specialized transportation and guided tours.

Weather-Dependent Gear Recommendations

Summer visitors require sun protection gear including high-SPF sunscreen, wide-brimmed hats, and UV-protective clothing due to high-altitude UV exposure. Afternoon thunderstorm preparation necessitates lightweight rain gear and quick-dry clothing. Temperature regulation becomes crucial as conditions can vary 40°F between morning and afternoon on the same day.

Winter visitors need comprehensive cold weather systems including insulated boots rated for extreme temperatures, multiple insulation layers, and wind-proof outer shells. Emergency warmth sources such as chemical hand warmers and emergency blankets provide crucial backup protection. Traction devices for footwear become essential for safely navigating icy surfaces around thermal features and on maintained trails.

Weather Impact on Park Services and Accessibility

Road Closures and Weather-Related Restrictions

Weather-related road closures significantly impact park accessibility and visitor planning throughout the year. The Grand Loop Road closes to regular vehicle traffic typically from November through April, with exact dates depending on snow conditions and avalanche risks. Spring opening occurs gradually as sections are cleared and deemed safe, often extending from late April through June for complete access restoration.

Emergency closures occur during severe weather events including blizzards, ice storms, and extreme wind conditions. Lightning storms may temporarily close exposed areas and high-elevation roads for visitor safety. Flash flood conditions can close roads and trails in low-lying areas, particularly during intense summer thunderstorms. Visitors should maintain flexible itineraries and backup plans for weather-related access restrictions.

Service Modifications During Adverse Weather

Visitor center operations and ranger programs adapt to weather conditions with modified schedules during extreme events. Outdoor ranger programs may relocate to covered areas or cancel during severe weather, though alternative indoor programs often replace cancelled outdoor activities. Campground services may implement restrictions during high wind or lightning conditions, requiring campers to seek sturdy shelter.

Lodging and dining services generally maintain operations during most weather events, though accessibility may be limited during severe storms. Winter lodge operations focus on snow-accessible activities and transportation services including snowcoach tours and cross-country ski rentals. Emergency services remain available year-round though response times may increase during extreme weather conditions.

Understanding Yellowstone's complex weather patterns and seasonal variations enables visitors to plan successful trips regardless of conditions. From the extreme cold of winter through the thunderstorms of summer, each season offers unique experiences and challenges that reward well-prepared visitors with unforgettable memories of America's first national park.